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CAA
Caetano, Paulo
Cal Tech
Campagnac, Edmond
Campbell, Glenn
Canary Island 1976
Carbonate
Carlotto, Dr. Mark
Carrouges, Michel
Carson Sink
Cash Landrum
Cattle mutilations
CAUS
Cavero, Carlos Castro
Cayce, Edgar
CIA
CIFAE
Cirrocumulus lenticularis
CIRVIS
Cisternas, Marcelo
Clipeology
Close encounter
CNES
Coe, Albert
Colares
Collins, Robert
COMETA
Composite Reductionist Theory
Condign
Condon Report
Condor
Constable, Trevor James
Continuum
Cooper, Bill
Cooper, Gordon
Cooke, Charles, Lt.Col.
Coquil, Eugene
Corbin, Lou, Lt.Col.
Corning, lecture
Couturier, Louis
Coyne case
Craigie, L.C. Major-General
Crater
Crop circles
CUFOS
Cyclops, project
Civil Aeronautics Administration in the United States. Founded in 1938 when the Civil Aeronautics Act transferred the federal civil aviation responsibilities from the Commerce Department to a new independent agency, the Civil Aeronautics Authority. President Franklin Roosevelt split the authority into two agencies in 1940, the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) and the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). Was replaced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in 1967.
CAA was responsible for civilian Air Traffic Control, civilian airman and aircraft certification, safety enforcement, and airway development.
In the early hours of the evening of November 17, 1971, Paulo Caetano and another man were driving near the town of Bananeiras, Brazil, when the car started to malfunction and the engine stalled near an object beside the road. Caetano said he was abducted by the "flying saucer" though a beam of light fired at the car, and extraterrestrial entities that opened the door and grabbed him. He said was subjected to a medical examination that left him with a wound. He said the aliens told him that the town of Itaperuna would be destroyed by nuclear explosion.
However, his companion did not see a flying saucer but only a parked bus, which raises questions in the reality of the events reported by Gaetano.
California Institute of Technology, where advanced research is being conducted.
In 1954, Edmond Campagnac was the Technical Director for the national airliner Air France in Tananarive, the capital of the island of Madagascar, when an unidentified flying object overflew the city. Whereas it had first suspected that it could have been some revolutionary Russian aircraft, he ended up realizing that that could not be the case and started to be interested in the UFO issue. He became an active member of GEPA, one of the first serious ufology groups in France and participated to a televised debate about UFO sightings in a famous emission of the series "Les Dossiers de l'Ecran" and to a more recent and very interesting but little noted TV debate on the Planète TV channel.
Glenn Campbell, age 36, used to work as a computer programmer around Boston but moved to the desert town of Rachel, Nevada, in January 1993 but now he lives in an apartment in Las Vegas, 90 miles south of the secret military base Area 51. Campbell moved from Boston only to investigate the rumors and stories about the so-called Area 51 at Groom Lake. His investigations ended up in his book, The Area 51 Viewer's Guide. Glenn Campbell has always kept to the facts and not involved any emotional feelings in the subject, which has given him respect and credibility. The information he collects through his investigation he publishes on his web site called the Area-51 Research Center. Through his devotion to the Area-51 and surrounding tales made the secret military base known to the public. Appearances in media by Glenn Campbell: ABC World, News Tonight and Larry King Live and several articles about him in magazines like Popular Science and The New York Times Magazine.
A large unidentified luminous phenomenon was observed throughout the Spanish Canary Islands on the night of June 22, 1976. Newspaper headlines proclaimed the following day that "thousands of people" had seen a "spectacular luminous phenomenon" which "lasted twenty minutes and was observed from Tenerife, La Palma and La Gomera." The most sensational aspect was the experience of a medical doctor and his taxi driver, who reported a transparent sphere with two tall entities inside. The Spanish Army released its files on the case.
A compound containing carbon and oxygen.
During the mid-1980s, TASC's Dr. Mark Carlotto developed an algorithm that enables one to extract approximate elevation relief from imagery. It is a "shape from shading" algorithm. The Martian imagery provided an excellent dataset for prototyping this algorithm as with no atmosphere and well understood reflectivity, the surface provides near perfect Lambertian reflection - and hence a means of determining relative surface norms. He developed this algorithm under the same period as some scientists were reviewing remotely sensed imagery of the Martian surface. They discovered the so-called Face on Mars, a geological feature on the surface that looks as a human face. However, better images by NASA a few years later show that while the shape is indeed that of a face, the mound is only a natural formation.
Michel Carrouges - pen name of Louis Couturier - was born on February 22, 1910, in Poitiers, France, obtained a law degree and specialized in accidents cases.
He started a career of essayist and writer with studies on the surrealist movement, on Kafka, Duchamp, Roussel and Jarry, and on modern myths in general. In 1954, he published a study on the modern mythology of erotica, a fantasy science fiction novel and a biography of mystical explorer Charles de Foucauld.
He published a first article on the flying saucers in Arts magazine on October 10, 1952, then with the French flap of 1954, it became obvious to him that the saucers cannot be explained as pure mythology any more. He published in 1963 his book "Les Apparitions de Martiens" (Fayard pub.) on this topic.
Two USAF Lieutenant Colonels aboard a B-25 witness three flying triangles over Carson Sink, Nevada, USA, on July 24, 1952. Blue Book evaluation: "unknown."
In December 1980, Betty Cash, Vickie Landrum and her grandson Colby Landrum, were driving along a road in Huffman, Texas when they saw a bright light in the sky. After driving a little more along the road, they came across a large diamond shaped UFO hovering over the road belching fire out of the bottom. Since the flames were blocking the road, they had to stop the car about 65 yards away from the craft and Betty Cash got out. Vickie and Colby stayed in the car, whereas Betty went on to get a closer look. She spent a long time gazing at it and her skin began to heat up because of the heat from the flames. She returned to the car when the object began to rise and a large number of unmarked black helicopters chased after the UFO. When they got home, they started suffering from sunburn, diarrhea and vomiting. It has been claimed that the craft was a US attempt at making a UFO since it was spewing out flames at the bottom and was joined by many helicopters later on.
A worldwide problem, cattle are killed and the body is left on the farm in various conditions. On studying the body, it has been found that the body has been totally drained of blood and that there has been no trace of blood found anywhere on the ground around the body. Various incisions would also be found on the body that were so clear cut that they would have had to have been done with some sort of laser technology that we didn't have when the mutilations started (before 1970). Bones were also clearly cut with no bone fragments around the cut. The bodies would be missing various parts, which had also shown to have been removed with accurate precision. UFOs have been linked with these mutilations since they have been sighted at the same time in the same area where the mutilated bodies have been found.
CAUS is a non-profit organization and they are working to uncover all existing documentation relating to the U.S. Government's involvement in UFO investigations and research. CAUS files a great number of FOIA requests to get the government to release documents that are relevant. CAUS publishes "Just Cause", a quarterly newsletter about group events and UFO news worldwide.
General of the Spanish Air Forces who publicly stated his opinion that UFO are of extraterrestrial origin and publicly discussed his own sighting.
(1877-1945) Noted psychic who had visions of Atlantis, the future, and many other things. He was mainly known for his ability to make diagnosis and propose successful cures to hundreds of ill people. See A.R.E at http://www.are-cayce.com.
Cayce's alleged powers are of course very disputed. In a Skeptic's Dictionary at skepdic.com/cayce.html, for example, I read: "There is no way to demonstrate that Cayce used psychic powers even on those cases where there is no dispute that he was instrumental in the cure."
Central Intelligence Agency, in the United States. Intervened on UFO matters in a generally negative manner.
CIFAE, set up after spectacular UFO observations in 1997, that amounted to more than sixty for that year only, is the "Investigating Committee of Abnormal Aerospace Phenomena", an official UFO investigation project service created within FACh, the Air Force of Chile. CIFAE is placed directly under the orders of the general commander of FACh, and has participants of military personal and Chilean ufologists, who thus have access to the UFO sighting reports of Chilean military sources.
Clouds that form at high altitude or sometimes at the top of mountains and take a lenticular shape; which are often said to be mistaken for flying saucers. This sort of confusion is actually rare.
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A special procedure to be followed by civilian pilots in the US and Canada to report UFOs to the military intelligence. UFO sighting report from civilian pilots, who has to be made to the Air Force Intelligence, is of such importance that its communication priority supersedes that of a "mayday" call. The procedure was cancelled in the beginning of the 2000's.
Marcelo Cisternas was the pilot and Captain of a DC-6B Chilean National Airlines flight 904, and reported a UFO event over Arica in September 1965, describing the object as something mechanical in the Mercurio newspaper for September 8, 1965. The sighting lasted approximately 15 minutes before the object that had zigzagged around the airliner left at an amazing speed. He was certain it was not an optical illusion, and that it was also seen by other members of the crew.
Literally, study of shields. Term invented by Italian ufologists starting from the expression "clipei ardentes" or "glowing shields" used in the ancient texts of historians like Titus Livus to indicate celestial phenomena observed in the skies of ancient Rome. It is nowadays difficult to tell if they were only meteors or inventions or flying saucers.
See Hynek Classification System and Vallee Classification System.
CNES stand for Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, National Center for Space Studies, (www.cnes.fr) and is the French government's space agency. CNES is a result of the strong will by General Charles de Gaulle after World War II to put France back on the top of the map in the area of aeronautics and space, and he succeeded as France became the third space power after the USSR and the USA.
CNES provided France access to near-earth space with the Ariane rockets family, developed in partnership with other European countries a program of global satellites monitoring for environment and security with the SPOT, Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1 satellites, the Argos system and Envisat. CNES also operates Defense satellites programs.
CNES headquarters are located in Paris, offices are also located in Toulouse, and it operates the Kourou, Guiana, Space Centre.
CNES is known from ufologists because several CNES people such as Jacques Sillard or Claude Poher had a long-time interest in UFOs. In 1977, Sillard, then head of CNES, opened GEPAN, a UFO sighting reports investigation section headed by Claude Poher, a CNES engineer with a long-time activity in ufology. Very soon, when the latter's effort resulted in the position that the sightings are not all hoaxes and confusion but sometimes best explained as displays of a non-earthly technology, the new policy was to downplay the topic, resulting in a blatant lack of communication in the next decades, and unnoticed reorganization under the name SEPRA with very sparse resources until rumors started that this small one-person UFO desk would close or be reorganized. Coincidentally or not, SEPRA head Jean-Jacques Vélasco had just put out a book; which did not tell much of SEPRA investigations but advocated the author's opinion that we have extraterrestrial visitors monitoring the Earth's military nuclear activity.
When in 2004 it seemed that SEPRA would close, I made some fuss about the documentation that was still unavailable and possibly could become lost in neglect. A petition signed by many ufologists both skeptics and proponents followed and in December 2006, CNES announced that they would soon publish their UFO archive online; which was indeed started in March 2007 with a first batch of documents such as rather recent witnesses statements recorded by the Gendarmerie, available on-line at www.cnes-geipan.fr
Simultaneously the SEPRA UFO desk at CNES was changed into a new born GEIPAN, with an "I" standing for "Information", headed by CNES man Jacques Patenet and backed by a supervising committee chaired by Yves Sillard, all accompanied both by step-back statements that "all theories on UFOS are equally worth" and by positive signs of a renewed good will to seriously investigate UFO sighting reports.
In 1969, Albert Coe privately published a book entitled "The Shocking Truth" that detailed his alleged encounter in June 1920 as he was aged 16, with a human looking alien being belonging to a race he called the Norcans who befriended him. He told that he was on a canoeing holiday in Ontario, Canada with his friend Rod, when while he was alone one day, he heard a voice crying for help from below the rocks over which he was climbing. He said he located the source of the voice, a young man of human appearance who had become trapped in a cleft in the rocks. Coe said he rescued the man, who thanked him profusely and said that he had been fishing when he accidentally stumbled into the cleft. He was described as handsome, blond-haired, young, dressed in a strange, silver-grey suit. He told that he had a small aircraft in a nearby clearing, and when Coe helped him return to it, he realized that it was unlike anything he had ever seen: a 20 feet diameter disc, resting on three landing struts. The alien had Coe swear not to say anything, opened a hatch in the underside of the craft and climbed in, and then took off with a high-pitched whine. Coe further claims that six months later he received a short note requesting a lunchtime meeting at the McAlpine Hotel in Ottawa. It was signed "Xretsim", i.e. Mister X spelt backwards. Coe went to the hotel, and met again the young man he had rescued, although this time he was dressed in an ordinary suit. At lunch the young man said his name is Zret, and that he was part of a survey team charged with monitoring Earth's scientific progress. His race, he said, comes from planet Norca in the Thau Ceti star system, that begun to dehydrate and 14,000 years ago, forcing the inhabitants to migrate to another system. They explored our solar system and chose it as their new home. According to Zret, 243,000 Norcans embarked on the journey of colonization in 62 huge spacecraft, that all fell into the sun because of a navigation error, except one which crash-landed on Mars, killing 1,300 of its 5,000 passengers. The survivors colonized Mars, then moved on to Venus and Earth, where they founded Atlantis and Lemuria. Zret went on to state that the Norcans now live mainly on Venus, although they maintain several research bases on Mars. Coe claimed he maintained contact with Zret and other Norcans for the next sixty years, meeting them on average once a month.
A small island with a 2000 inhabitants city in the delta of the Amazon in North-Eastern Brazil. In 1977, people fled from the island in panic, as UFOs who flew over since months beamed strange rays directed at people, causing strange burns on 35.
Claimed he has been in contact with Andromedan aliens for some 31 years. Lectured about his experiences.
See Condor.
On Friday July 16, 1999 a document was published in France, headlined "UFOs and Defense: What must we be prepared for?" ("Les Ovni Et La Défense: A quoi doit-on se préparer?"). The report had virtually no echo in the French media, except for the week satirical journal "Le Canard Enchaîné" where there was scoffing about "those warmongers" who "wanted more bucks to buy assault tanks" and "found nothing better than an alien invasion" as excuse. The ninety-page report was a sort of summary of the UFO question, particularly as a Defense problem. While there was nothing very new in the report, it made the interesting conclusions that the most likely explanation of certain UFO sighting reports is extraterrestrial visitors, and that the US Government seems to hide something on the matter. The study was carried out over several years by an independent group of former "auditors" at the Institute of Advanced Studies for National Defense, or IHEDN, and by qualified experts from various fields. Before its public release, it has been sent to French President Jacques Chirac and to Prime Minister Lionel Jospin.
In June 2003, the report was republished in hardcover book format, and later in softcover.
The report was much commented on but only in ufological circles: some pointed at a weakness of the UFO cases in it, others who mostly support "paranormal" theories on UFOS disliked the report's talk of alien visitors and issued some weird conspiracy theories about COMETA being some foul covert attempt by one "shadow man" guy whom they accuse at promoting "little green men" in Government circles, others insisted that as there are former top-brass in the association, it is an important document supporting a US UFO cover-up of captured alien spaceship.
More adequate expression formed by Frenchman Claude Maugé to name the same explanation for UFO sighting reports than the sociopsychological thesis.
In 1995, a service of the British Defense orders from an author who remained anonymous a report on whether UFOs represent a problem for the defense and a risk for air transport. In 2000, the author finished writing more than 400 pages of pseudo-science on ball lightning supposed ball to explain UFOs, an explanation copied from long refuted ideas by debunker Philip Klass in the Sixties. This catastrophic study, previously kept secret is obtained in 2006 by four ufologists who give it to the Press and TV channels without caution, and the media of the whole world announce that UFOs were "plasma". A few days later, the British Defense provides most of the report to all, keeping secret the data on radar-detected UFOs, and sensible people can then realize that the study is only a pile of nonsense, while the ufologists that call themselves "skeptics", usually eager to criticize pseudo-science, do not make any comment.
The result of an investigation into project Blue Book in 1969 by a University team directed by Dr. Edward Condon. He started the investigation saying that all UFOs are "bunk", people who "believed" in them were "kooks", the authors of UFO books should be "horsewhipped" and that Blue Book was a waste of time. As a consequence, and in contradiction with its content, the report concluded that UFO sightings should not be investigated anymore except if further investigation should indicate that they should, that young children should be discouraged to read UFO books, and that UFOs do not pose a defense threat.
On December 30, 1947, Major-General L. C. Craigie was Director of Research and Development for the United States Air Force, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff. He wrote a memo to the commanding general of the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, home of the Air Intelligence Technical Center, requesting that a project to study UFOs gets started. This project was assigned priority 2-A, second highest priority, and classified as "restricted." It was named Project Sign, publicly introduced as "Project Saucer" and resulted in a major split between two factions among the interested Air Force people, one concluding that UFOs are extraterrestrial, the other concluding that they do not exist. Craigie's memo was published as appendix in the so-called Condon report.
A depression formed by the impact of a meteorite -or- a depression around the orifice of a volcano.
Also known as Robert Collins who took part in a disinformation program with William Moore and Richard Doty against Paul Bennewitz.
Author of the 1959 book "They Live In The Sky", Trevor James Constable was a proponent of the weird theory that UFOs are not at all extraterrestrial spacecraft but animals comparable to giant amoeba or "critters" that "are built of matter of the etheric plane" or "plasmatic" and live in the skies of our planets. This was first proposed as a mere possibility by Charles Fort, but Constable went further by claiming that he had photographed these "sky animals" - flying among the "usual" flying saucers - using infrared film, exposed between dawn and sunrise in high, in "dry locales" that "will frequently objectify invisible objects of various kinds living in and passing through the atmosphere." The really wonderful crackpot idea was that he claimed that it was an extraterrestrial intelligence that informed him of the "secret technique" - i.e. infrared - he used to photograph the alleged "sky animals"! Actually, what he captured on his photographs, among some film flaws, were insects and birds trails such as those that cause what we currently call "rods".
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The official news magazine for ParaNet and MICAP. It is published quarterly and provides thought-provoking information and articles written by leading Ufologists. This magazine provides global insight and reflects material carried over the world-wide ParaNet Information Service network. Subscriptions are $18.00/year and are available by sending checks for U.S. funds to: ParaNet, Box 172, Wheat Ridge, CO 80034-0172.
William Cooper, known as Bill Cooper, allegedly worked for the US Air Force and claims to have then moved on into Naval Intelligence. He made his debut on PARANET with a report on a UFO sighting he had whilst on the USS Tiru, a US Naval submarine. That report was accepted in good faith. He then began to send in details about various secret projects that he alleged the US governments were involved in during his time in intelligence. When asked for evidence to back his claims up by UFO researchers, he replied abusively. His reports continued to be sent in and the researchers still questioned him about backup evidence. Eventually he was barred from Paranet. He still wrote the reports and sent them into various bulletin boards anonymously, this time accusing the UFO researchers that questioned his authenticity as people who are working for the government to spread disinformation to the public. Bill Cooper then became a highly paid lecturer who lectured about his "experiences" and also claims that JFK was assassinated by the driver of the car because he wanted to make details about UFOs public and that we had bases on the Moon and on Mars built in the 1950's. Evidence: none for the bases and a seventh generation copy of the film showing the assassination that is very bad quality. He also claims that the aliens in US TV series "Alien Nation" are real aliens who were employed as part of an indoctrination program so that the public will accept the reality of aliens more easily. Bill Cooper's sources for his hypothesis is a mixture of the claims of Paul Bennewitz, Bill Moore, John Lear and Bob Lazar and added a few unfounded theories he invented himself. When Bob Lazar was on a phone-in in 1989 whilst he was going public, Cooper called in and said that he had talked to Lazar for over a year and that he had checked out his claims and they are all genuine. Then, some months later, Cooper changes his mind and says that Lazar is a fraud and had always known he was a fraud ever since he first went public. This is just one example of the many U-turns and inconsistencies that Cooper has carried out over the years. These U-turns and bold allegations, and other activities he was involved in have brought almost the entire Ufology community to hate him.
Lately he ran a small radio show called An Hour of the Time out of Eagar, Arizona. The focus was predominantly anti-government. Cooper was well known in militia circles. Terrorist Timothy McVeigh was a fan of Cooper, he even reportedly tried to recruit cooper to help him at one point before the Oklahoma City bombing.
In October 2001 Cooper has been shot by the Police who tried to arrest him on charge that he assaulted a neighbor, and for tax evasion, as he deliberately and publicly refused to pay federal taxes. Cooper had warned officers and federal agents that if they ever came for him, he would not go down without a gun battle. An Apache County sheriff's deputy, married and has three children, was shot in the head during the arrest and died.
NASA astronaut who was personally confronted to UFOs on various occasions, who is convinced of the extra-terrestrial origin of the UFOs and addressed the United Nations on the subject.
Lieutenant-colonel Charles Cooke of the United States Air Force was very interested in the unidentified flying objects, studying in a non-official manner the reports which entered at project Blue Book. On August 7, 1966, retired, he published an article in Evening Star, Washington, strongly voicing his opinion that some UFOS are indeed extraterrestrial machines, which created considerable pressures so that the Air Force ceases its dissimulations on the subject.
At 4 in the morning of January 16, 1966, Eugene Coquil was driving his car near Bollazec, Brittany, France, when he saw lights in a field. Believing there might have been an accident, he got out of the car and walked across the field towards the light. When he got closer he realized that the lights were on an object moving towards him at some fifteen feet above the ground. Afraid, he ran back to his car and got in but the object hovered above the car, then landed on the other side of the road, possibly causing vehicle interference as he had difficulty in starting it. Eventually he drove off without seeing the object take off. On the drawing he made, the object had the shape of a cube. It had four vertical lights resembling neon tubes and three huge oval horizontal lights on each side.
Lieutenant-Colonel Lou Corbin is a former Army intelligence officer who was interested in UFOs and released evidence for the existence of UFOs and evidence of cover-up; which he obtained through his connections in the Pentagon. At a meeting of the Retired Military Officers' Association in Baltimore in 1972, he said that after the end of Project Blue Book, the Air Force was still investigating UFOs under two projects, Old New Moon and Blue Paper.
On January 25, 1967, Dr Edward Condon gave a lecture to a scientific fraternity in Corning, New York, USA. Talking on the publicly financed UFO investigation he was supposed to lead in an objective manner, he said: "It is my inclination right now to recommend that the government get out of this business. My attitude right now is that there is nothing to it, but I am not supposed to reach a conclusion until the end of next year." This was one of the many occasions that proved that objectivity in this study was not important to him.
The Coyne case (or "Army helicopter incident") stands out as, perhaps the most credible (in the "high strangeness" category) of the 1973 wave. An Army Reserve helicopter crew of four men encountered a gray, metallic-looking, cigar-shaped object, with unusual lights and maneuvers, as they were airborne between Columbus and Cleveland, Ohio. The crew won the NATIONAL ENQUIRER Blue Ribbon Panel's $5,000 award for "the most scientifically valuable report of 1973."
A supposedly strange phenomenon that started to appear in fields around Britain mostly in the area of the famous Stonehenge monument in the 80s. But the phenomenon has now grown to a world phenomenon and figures of increasing complexity have appeared in USA, Sweden an many other countries. Many researchers have tried to solve the phenomena and the theories suggested are numerous. Hoaxes, land art, magnetic fields, twisters, hoaxes, alien visitors leaving messages and the most amusing theory about love crazed hedgehogs running wild in the night. The phenomenon actually started as a joke inspired by UFO landing traces and later evolved into a new art form in which aliens and the paranormal have no part. See the Crop Circles section of this site for full coverage.
The Center for UFO Studies was founded in 1973 by Dr J. Allen Hynek four years after his work at project Blue Book ended. It publishes the bi-monthly journal International Ufo Reporter and an annual Journal of Ufo Studies.
In the early 70's, under the direction of the Californian astronomer Bernard M. Oliver, Project Cyclops was an attempt to detect radio waves emitted by alien civilizations. Insufficient means yielded no result and the team proposed to set up a huge array of radio telescope to search for intelligent signals in the 200 MHz band on a radius of 1000 light years from our earth. No funding was raised and the project ended.
