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October 12, 1954, Frasne, Doubs:

Reference for this case: 12-Oct-54-Frasne.
Please cite this reference in any correspondence with me regarding this case.

Summary:

In his 1958 book on the French wave of 1954, Aimé Michel evoked a case in Frasne in the Doubs; which he said came from the newspaper La Bourgogne Républicaine and the file of Charles Garreau, journalist and ufologist.

On October 12, 1954, around 10:45 p.m., Michel Vieille, an industrialist at Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, was driving with a friend on the national road 471 from Pontarlier to Frasne when their attentions were attracted by a "yellow ocher and violet" glow in the sky on their left; which moved with a moderate pace on a line going from East to West.

They reportedly noticed that it was a round craft, and stopped the car to observe it.

At that moment, the object that had been "at some height" descended at low altitude in a jerky flight. Mr. Vieille then turned off the headlights, the object then changed direction and took a Southwest course that was parallel to the road, being then in front of the car but at some distance.

Mr. Vieille restarted and followed the craft in the car, this being repeated several times until arriving near Dompierre where the two men stopped.

The object reportedly continued its flight towards Frasne where it was lost from sight while it was moving towards the South-West while taking speed and altitude.

In the 2020s, a 1970 investigation report resurfaced, unearthed from the archives of the magazine Lumières Dans La Nuit and the ufology group of the same name by the association SCEAU (sceau-archives-ovni.org), which works to preserve French ufological documentation from oblivion and loss.

In 1969, the group Lumières Dans La Nuit had undertaken to verify the French cases of 1954 from Jacques Vallée's catalogue of "UFO landings." Jean Tyrode, from Evillers, carried out the follow-up investigation around 1970, on the case he labeled "Pontarlier," which occurred on Thursday, October 12, 1954, around 10:45 p.m.

He noted that the witnesses were on National Route 471, from the junction with Route N° 72 at Chaffois, up to about 11 km from Bulle.

He noted that the witnesses were Mr. Michel Vieille, a forestry industrialist in Dompierre-les-Tilleuls at the time, now residing on rue Chazaviel in Les Perreux 94; the second witness was now a wood-dryer fitter at the Bavarut company in Grenoble.

Tyrode explains that on that evening, under a clear sky, Mr. Vieille had gone to Pontarlier to fetch a craftsman in order to show him the work he intended to have done at his home. The two of them were then returning to Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, following the normal route: Pontarlier, Houtaud, and Chaffois on National Route 72, then Bulle and Dompierre on National Route 471. At that time, Tyrode noted, the departmental railway line Besançon–Pontarlier crossed N.R. 471 about 400 meters after the road junction at Chaffois. The station still exists, isolated at the bottom of the village.

It was a few dozen meters from this junction, as they began to descend N.R. 471, that the two men were surprised by the appearance of a light in the sky to their left.

They had the impression that this light was moving in the sky more or less in their direction; they then stopped to observe it more closely.

It was then that they realized this light was at a rather high altitude, which they did not bother to estimate, being too focused on this strange thing approaching them.

At the beginning of their observation, they had the clear impression that this light came from an object they could not define. The light was moving too slowly to be a low-flying plane; if it had been very high, it would have been abnormally large.

The object appeared to them as a ball, ochre-yellow in color with purplish reflections.

Tyrode notes that it might seem odd that the witnesses had not noticed this slow craft earlier, since while traveling along N.471 they had been going in the same direction as along N.R.72; but the latter road is not very favorable for observations during the 500 meters preceding the Chaffois junction, as it first slopes, then makes two sharp and rather dangerous turns, and finally enters the second turn within the village of Chaffois. N.R. 471, which begins with a long straight descent across the plain, allows motorists to relax a little and glance outside the road.

The witnesses then expected the craft to cross the road in front of them, but just as it was about to do so, it suddenly stopped.

It immediately began to descend toward the ground, but not in a steady manner, showing jerks, either because the object made very brief stops or because it wobbled during its descent.

A few seconds later, it hovered, gently oscillating. The witnesses then estimated that their observation had already lasted two or three minutes.

The object, now about fifteen meters above the ground, was near the departmental railway station. The witnesses decided to approach it by car with their headlights off. Driving very slowly, they reached the closest point on the road to the object, about 100 meters from it.

They now saw that it was indeed a material object, a craft of very elongated elliptical shape, 7 to 10 times longer than it was tall. It no longer had the color they had previously seen; this time, its general hue was linden-green, but it sometimes seemed to take on a reddish tint. Moreover, beneath the object, near each of its ends, some kind of reddish rods extended toward the ground, slightly tilted toward those ends.

Each group had 2 or 3 rods.

The surprise effect and the beauty of the sight prevented them from immediately distinguishing all the details, but they still had plenty of time to observe the craft. In fact, as soon as they got close, it started up very slowly and began following a trajectory roughly parallel to the road, the body of the craft remaining parallel to the ground.

They then estimated its length at 5 meters and that of the rods at 2 or 3 meters.

The two men also continued along their way at low speed, while the craft moved ahead of them, about thirty meters from the road and always at the same altitude. This continued for nearly 2 km, but with the craft drifting farther and farther from the road, as if the road and its trajectory were not perfectly parallel; it also seemed to rise slightly and irregularly.

After the first stretch leading to Bannans, this became very clear and the witnesses watched even more attentively, then stopped near the second path.

It was then that they were surprised to see the craft tilt slightly and take on the lenticular shape of a disk seen from afar and a bit from below. Then suddenly the object surrounded itself with a kind of radiance and shot off at a dizzying speed. It seemed to follow a curved trajectory toward Bannans, and suddenly vanished from sight above Laveron.

Before its departure, the craft seemed to pause while it appeared to be at an altitude of 100 to 200 meters above the ground.

Lastly, Jean Tyrode published this map and this skecth:

Scan.

Reports:

[Ref. aml1:] AIME MICHEL:

Aimé Michel explains that on October 12, 1954, at about 10:45 p.m., Michel Vieille, industrialist of Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, was driving with a friend on road Route Nationale 471 from Pontarlier towards Frasnes [sic] when their attentions were drawn by a "yellow amber and purple" gleam in the sky on their left, which moved at a moderate pace on a line going from East to West. They noted that it was a craft of round shape, and stopped the car to observe it.

At this time, the object which had moved at an altitude descended at a low altitude in a jerked flight. Mr. Vieille then extinguished the car's headlights, the object then changed direction and took a South-western course which paralleled the road. It was subsequently in front of the car but at some distance. Mr. Vieille started the car again and followed the craft, and this repeated several times until they arrived near to Dompierre where the two men stopped.

The object continued its flight in direction of Frasnes where it was lost from sight while it moved towards the South-west taking speed and altitude.

He indicates that the case comes from La Bourgogne Républicaine and the Charles Garreau file.

[Ref. jve5:] JACQUES VALLEE:

320 006.19101 46.87200 12 10 1954 22 45 1 (DOMPIERRE-TILLEUL) F 3012 G

321 -006.16221 46.85670 12 10 1954 22 45 1 FRASNE F 301244 C** 283

[Ref. jve1:] JACQUES VALLEE:

Scan.

246) October 12, 1954, 10:45 p.m., Dompierre-les-Tilleuls (France):

A businessman, Mr. Vielle, was on Route N471 between Frasnes [sic] and Pontarlier when he saw a circular flying craft, which gave off a yellowish and a purple light. Losing altitude, the craft came very close to the ground, changed its course to southwest, and rose again in the sky. (Quincy; M 167).

[Ref. aml5:] AIME MICHEL:

The same for the manoeuver in falling leaf: see for example the numerous cases so well observed in the end of the wave (Beaune-Chevigny, Niffer-Kembs, Frasne, etc.).

[Ref. jte1:] JEAN TYRODE:

Scan.

CASE No. 246 Cat J VALLEE.

Investigator: TYRODE 25 EVILLERS.
undated

OBSERVATION PONTARLIER No. 2.

This observation was reported in "About Flying Saucers" by Aimé MICHEL, 4th edition, pages 205 to 207, under the name "FRASNE." As will be seen below, this term actually designates an itinerary. In fact, the craft observed came from PONTARLIER and returned there.


Date and Time: Thursday, October 12, 1954 around 10:45 p.m.

Witnesses' location: On Route N.471, from the junction with N.72 at CHAFFOIS, up to about 1 km from BULLE.

Witnesses: Mr. Michel VIEILLE, forestry industrialist at DOMPIERRE LES TILLEULS at the time, today residing on Rue Chazaviel in LE PERREUX 94. The second witness is currently a wood dryer installer for the BAVARUT company in GRENOBLE.

Sky condition: Fairly clear.

Location of observation: Above the plain east of PONTARLIER and delimited by roads N.72–N.471–D.296–D.47.

Observation:

That evening, Mr. VIEILLE had gone to PONTARLIER to pick up a craftsman in order to show him the work he intended to have done at his home. Both were then returning to DAMPIERRE LES TILLEULS. They were following the usual route: PONTARLIER, HOUTAUD and CHAFFOIS on the N.72, then BULLE and DAMPIERRE on the N.471. At that time the departmental railway BESANÇON–PONTARLIER crossed the N.471 about 400 meters after the road junction at CHAFFOIS. The station still exists, isolated at the bottom of the village.

Scan.

It was a few dozen meters from the junction, as they were beginning to descend the N.471, that the two men were surprised by the appearance of a light which had just appeared in the sky on their left.

They had the impression that this light was advancing in the sky roughly in their direction; they then stopped to observe it more closely.

It was then that they realized that this light was at a rather high altitude. They did not bother to estimate it, being too intent on observing this strange thing that was approaching.

At the beginning of their observation, they had the very clear impression that this light came from an object they could not define. The light was moving too slowly for it to be a low-altitude airplane; it would have had to be very high up, but then it would have been abnormally large.

The object appeared to them like a ball, ochre-yellow in color with purplish reflections. It was coming from the direction of PONTARLIER and was following a route from East to West at a very steady pace.

It may seem curious that the witnesses had not noticed this slow craft earlier while traveling along the N.471, since they were following the same direction as along the N.72. One must know that this latter road is not favorable for observations in the five hundred meters preceding the CHAFFOIS junction: it first slopes sideways, then makes two sharp and rather dangerous turns, and finally enters a second curve in the village of CHAFFOIS. The N.471, which begins with a long straight descent across the plain, allows drivers to relax a little and glance away from the road.

Our observers therefore expected to see the craft cross the road ahead of them, but nothing of the sort happened: just as it was about to reach it, the craft suddenly stopped.

As soon as it stopped, it began to descend toward the ground. But its descent did not occur in a regular manner — it seemed to show jerks, either because the object really made very brief stops or because it was rocking during its descent. In any case, a few seconds later, it hovered, gently oscillating on itself. The drivers then estimated that their observation had lasted for two or three minutes.

The object, which was then about fifteen meters from the ground, was near the departmental railway station. The witnesses then decided to approach it by car with their headlights off. Driving very slowly, they reached the closest point of the road to the object, about 100 meters from it.

It was clearly a material object, a craft of very elongated elliptical shape, 7 to 10 times longer than high. It no longer had the hue they had seen earlier; this time, its general color was lime-green, but at times it seemed to take on a reddish tint. In addition, beneath the object, near each of its ends, sorts of reddish rods darted toward the ground, slightly inclined toward those ends.

In each group one could count 2 or 3 rods.

Scan.

The surprise effect and the beauty of the display did not at first allow all the details to be distinguished, but our witnesses had plenty of time to observe this craft. Indeed, as soon as they arrived nearby, it started up very slowly and began to follow a trajectory roughly parallel to the road, the body of the craft remaining parallel to the ground.

They were then able to estimate its length at 5 m and that of the rods at 2 or 3 m.

Mr. VIEILLE and his friend also continued on their way at low speed. The craft was then moving ahead of them, about thirty meters from the road and still at the same altitude. And this joint journey continued for almost 2 km. However, it seemed that the craft was moving farther and farther from the road, as if the road and its trajectory had not been perfectly parallel, and moreover it seemed to be rising slightly and irregularly.

After the first road leading to BANNANS, this became very clear, and the drivers looked even more carefully and then stopped near the second road.

It was then that they were surprised to see the craft tilt slightly and take on the lenticular shape of a disk seen from a distance and somewhat from below. Then suddenly the object became surrounded by a kind of radiance and shot off at a dizzying speed. It seemed to follow a curved trajectory in the direction of BANNANS and suddenly disappeared from view above LAVERON.

Before its departure the object seemed to pause for a moment and at that point could have been at an altitude of 100 to 200 m.

Scan.

[Ref. jve2:] JACQUES VALLEE:

The author indicates that on October 12, 1954, close to Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, Mr. Vieille, a businessman, saw a circular flying machine which projected a yellowish and crimson light. It lost altitude, approached the ground, changed direction towards the south-west and rose in the sky again.

[Ref. gqy1:] GUY QUINCY:

Scan.

October 12 [, 1954]

[... other cases...]

10:45 p.m.: Dompierre-les-Tilleuls(Doubs):lum.sph.mov. near the ground + dead leave maneuver and chang. of direction

? [=unknown hour]: Frasne (Doubs): "jellyfish-saucer"

[... other cases...]

[Ref. gqy2:] GUY QUINCY:

Scan.

[... other cases...]

October 12, 1954: Dompierre-les-Tilleuls (3 km ISL in the NNE of Frasne-,on Nale. rd. 471 at Frasne--Doubs): Mr. Michel Vieille, industrialist in Dompierre and a friend (UAP performing a change of heading of 137° approx. to the SW, by maneuvering in dead leaf, near the ground, then followed on 3 km by car)

[... other cases...]

[Ref. jve3:] JACQUES VALLEE:

The author indicates that Aimé Michel in "Mystérieux Objets Célestes" reports that in Frasnes, a round object emitting ocher-yellow and violet light flew in straight line at moderate speed. When the witness, an industrialist, and his friend, had stopped their car, the object started to descend with a jerky movement", it then stopped and started off towards the Southwest.

[Ref. jve4:] JACQUES VALLEE:

Scan.

October 12, 1954, 10:45 p.m., Dompierre-les-Tilleuls (France):

A businessman, Mr. Vielle, was on Route N471 between Frasnes [sic] and Pontarlier when he saw a circular flying craft, which gave off a yellowish and a purple light. Losing altitude, the craft came very close to the ground, changed its course to southwest, and rose again in the sky. (Quincy).

[Ref. prn1:] PETER ROGERSON - "INTCAT":

Scan.

421 12 October 1954 2245 hrs

DOMPIERRE-LEs-TILLEULS (FRANCE) A businessman, Michel Vielle, was on Rt N471 between Frasnes and Pontarlier when he saw a circular flying craft giving off a yellowish and purple light. Losing altitude, the craft came very close to the ground, changed its course to southwest and rose again in the sky. Vielle was travelling with a friend at the time, and both saw the object. (M246; Quincey [sic]; Michel II, 167)

[Ref. fru1:] MICHEL FIGUET AND JEAN-LOUIS RUCHON:

The two authors indicate that in Dompierre-les-Tilleuls in the department of the Doubs, on October 12, 1954, Michel Vieille, industrialist, and a friend, drove on National Road N471, between Frasne and Pontarlier, had their attention drawn by a luminous and circular machine, on their left, which moved from the East to the West. The object released a yellow and violet gleam. They stopped their vehicle for better observing. At this time the object lost altitude and descended towards the ground in jerks. Arrived at low altitude, it changed direction and took that of the south-west, parallel to the road. It followed the witnesses up to Frasne where it disappeared by taking altitude.

The sources are given as case 246 of the Vallée catalogue; Quincy; and Aimé Michel in "A Propos des S.V." page 205.

[Ref. lhh1:] LARRY HATCH - "*U* COMPUTER DATABASE":

4086: 1954/10/12 22:50 1 6:09:40 E 46:51:20 N 3333 WEU FRN DBS 6:7

nr FRASNE,FR:SCR FOLOS N471>SW/LO ALT:2/CAR FOLLOW SCR!:UP+AWAY FAST:/r30p157

Ref#194 LUMIERES dans la NUIT.(LDLN France) Issue No. 104: FOREST

[Ref. goe1:] GODELIEVE VAN OVERMEIRE:

The Belgian ufologist indicates that in 1954, on October 16, in France at 22:45 in Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, "Mr. Vieille, businessman, was on the N.471, between Frasnes [sic] and Pontarlier, when he saw a circular machine in flight which released a yellowish and violet light. Losing altitude it came close to the ground, obliqued in the south-west and rose again in the sky (Quincy)".

[Ref. amn1:] AUGUSTE MEESSEN:

Auguste Meessen indicates that on October 12, 1954, one observed a UFO which "went down in jerked flight". August Meessen comments on that a more detailed description would have been desirable, but that the witnesses or the investigators do not always realize its importance.

[Ref. djn1:] DONALD JOHNSON:

On this Day

October 12

[...]

1954, Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, France - Mr. Vielle, a businessman, was on Route N471 between Frasnes [sic] and Pontarlier when he saw a circular flying craft that gave off a yellowish and a purple light. Losing altitude, the craft came very close to the ground, changed its course to southwest, and then rose again in the sky. (Sources: Aime Michel, Flying Saucers and the Straight Line Mystery, p. 167; Jacques Vallee, Passport to Magonia: A Century of Landings, p. 227).

[Ref. jbu1:] JEROME BEAU:

Tuesday October 12, 1954

[...]

In Dompierre-les-Tilleuls (France), Mr. Vieille, businessman, is on the N471, between Frasnes [sic] and Pontarlier, when he sees a circular machine in flight releasing a yellowish and violet light. Losing altitude, it comes close to the ground, obliques with south-west and rose again in the sky.

[...]

The source is indicated as "Quincy".

[Ref. lcn1:] LUC CHASTAN:

Luc Chastan indicates that in the Doubs in Dompierre les Tilleuls on October 12, 1954 at 22:45 hours "Two people circulate on N471, between Frasne and Pontarlier, when their attention is drawn by a luminous and circular machine, on their left, which moves from East to West. The object releases a yellow gleam and violet. They stop their vehicle for better observing. At this time the object loses altitude and goes down towards the ground in a jerked manner. Arrived at low altitude, it changes direction and takes that of the south-western, parallel with the road. It will follow the witnesses until Frasne where it disappears by taking altitude."

The source is indicated as "Ovni, Premier dossier complet... by Figuet M./ Ruchon J.L. ** Alain Lefeuvre pub. 1979".

[Ref. uda1:] "UFODNA" WEBSITE:

The website indicates that on 12 October 1954 at 22:45, "N471, near Frasne, France", "An object was sighted that had an appearance and performance beyond the capability of known earthly aircraft. One object was observed by two male witnesses on a highway (Vieille)."

The sources are indicated as "Michel, Aime, Flying Saucers and the Straight-Line Mystery, S. G. Phillips, New York, 1958; Bowen, Charles, The Humanoids: FSR Special Edition No. 1, FSR, London, 1966; Vallee, Jacques, Computerized Catalog (N = 3073); Vallee, Jacques, Challenge to Science: The UFO Enigma, Henry Regnery, Chicago, 1966; Vallee, Jacques, Preliminary Catalog (N = 500), (in JVallee01); Vallee, Jacques, A Century of Landings (N = 923), (in JVallee04), Chicago, 1969; Schoenherr, Luis, Computerized Catalog (N = 3173); Hatch, Larry, *U* computer database, Author, Redwood City, 2002."

[Ref. uda2:] "UFODNA" WEBSITE:

The website indicates that on 12 October 1954 at 22:45 in Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, France, "A circular flying craft, which gave off a yellowish and a purple light."

The website adds: "Mr. Vielle, a businessman, was on Route N471 between Frasnes [sic] and Pontarlier when he saw a circular flying craft that gave off a yellowish and a purple light. Losing altitude, the craft came very close to the ground, changed its course to southwest, and then rose again in the sky."

And: "A businessman, Mr. Vielle, was on Route N471 between Frasnes and Pontarlier when he saw a circular flying craft, which gave off a yellowish and a purple light. Losing altitude, the craft came very close to the ground, changed its course to southwest, and rose again in the sky."

The source is indicated as "Vallee Magonia Database".

[Ref. uda3:] "UFODNA" WEBSITE:

The website indicates that on 12 October 1954 at 22:45 in Dompierre-Tilleul, France, "One object was observed by two witnesses."

The source is indicated as Vallee, Jacques, Challenge to Science: The UFO Enigma, Henry Regnery, Chicago, 1966.

[Ref. nip1:] "THE NICAP WEBSITE":

*Oct. 12, 1954, Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, France - Mr. Vielle, a businessman, was on Route N471 between Frasnes and Pontarlier on this night when he saw a circular flying craft that gave off a yellowish and a purple light. Losing altitude, the craft came very close to the ground, changed its course to southwest, and then rose again in the sky. (Sources: Aime Michel, Flying Saucers and the Straight Line Mystery, p. 167; Jacques Vallee, Passport to Magonia: A Century of Landings, p. 227, case # 246).

[Ref. ubk1:] "UFO-DATENBANK":

This database recorded this case 8 times:

Case Nr. New case Nr. Investigator Date of observation Zip Place of observation Country of observation Hour of observation Classification Comments Identification
19541012 12.10.1954 Dompierre Tilleul France 22.45 CE I
19541012 12.10.1954 Dompierre Tilleul France
19541012 12.10.1954 Dompierre France 22.45
19541012 12.10.1954 Frasne France 22.45
19541012 12.10.1954 Frasne France 22.45 CE I
19541012 12.10.1954 Frasne France 22.45
19541012 12.10.1954 Frasne France 22.45 NL
19541012 12.10.1954 Frasne France 22.45 NL

[Ref. prn2:] PETER ROGERSON - "INTCAT":

October 12 1954. 2245hrs.

DOMPIERRE-LES-TILLEURS (DOUBS: FRANCE)

A local industrialist, Michel Vielle and a friend were driving on the N47 between Pontarlier and Frasne when their attention was caught by an ochre-yellow and violet light in the sky to their west, moving east to west. It was a round object flying straight at moderate speed. They stopped the car to watch as the object started to descend with a jerky motion. When it reached a low altitude it turned off to the southwest-the same direction as the road. Michel followed it to Dompierre where he stopped, while the object accelerated on towards Fasne, gaining altitude.

Explanations:

Map.

So we are in principle on October 12, 1954, around 10:45 p.m., near Frasne thus at 46° 51' 24'' North, 6° 9' 39'' East.

The Moon, the usual candidate for explaining UFOs chasing cars, stopping when the car stops and restarting when the car restarts - an explanation that no one has bothered to evaluate so far in this case - was in the sky at 129° 19', to the southeast of the witnesses, and at an elevation of 48° 22'. And it was a full moon.

Map.

This coincides with an object that was "to their left", which "takes a Southwest course that was parallel to the road", which is "round in shape", which moves at "moderate pace".

To be, at the end of the observation, "in front of" the automobile, we can think that the witnesses, who were going to Dompierre, forked from the N 471 to take one or the other of the roads going to their left towards the Southeast (blue lines).

In conclusion, I think there is a good chance that "the craft" was a red moon, with an appearance probably altered by a presence of clouds, and a story perhaps misunderstood by the press or deformed by Garreau (saucer biff and journalist of La Bourgogne Républicaine) who would have told it a bit lively to Michel.

Note: Aimé Michel indicates La Bourgogne Républicaine, of which Charles Garreau was a journalist, as a source; but I did not find anything on this case in this diary for 1954 to 1956 at least.

Update of September 10, 2025:

Thanks to Jean Tyrode's map [jte1], we understand that the object was always located between the Southeast and the Southwest of the motorists, which is quite consistent with the Moon.

As for the sketch, at first glance it does not seem to resemble a drawing of the Moon; but if we accept that it is in fact the Moon "emerging" from a layer of clouds, the matter is settled.

Keywords:

(These keywords are only to help queries and are not implying anything.)

Frasne, Frasnes, Doubs, Dompierre-les-Tilleuls, Pontarlier, Vieille, object, craft, manoeuvers, straight, jerky, yellow, amber, purple, multiple, car, road

Sources:

[----] indicates sources that are not yet available to me.

Document history:

Version: Created/Changed by: Date: Change Description:
0.1 Patrick Gross April 7, 2003 First published.
1.0 Patrick Gross March 11, 2009 Conversion from HTML to XHTML Strict. First formal version. Additions [jve3], [djn1], [jbu1], [lcn1], [uda1], [uda2], [uda3].
1.1 Patrick Gross December 30, 2009 Addition [goe1].
1.2 Patrick Gross January 14, 2010 Addition [amn1].
1.3 Patrick Gross June 29, 2010 Addition [jve5].
1.4 Patrick Gross November 15, 2014 Addition [nip1].
1.3 Patrick Gross February 21, 2017 Addition [ubk1].
1.4 Patrick Gross May 3, 2019 Additions [prn1], [lhh1], [prn2], Summary. Explanations changed, were "Not looked for yet."
1.5 Patrick Gross September 12, 2019 Addition [aml5].
1.6 Patrick Gross May 6, 2022 Additions [gqy1], [gqy2].
1.7 Patrick Gross September 10, 2025 Addition [jte1]. In the Summary, addition of the information from [jte1]. In the Explanations, addition of the "Update of September 10, 2025" part.

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